4.step one EHS throughout 1951–1980
The only EHS covering at least three stations during the first half of the 60-year study period occurred in 1972. Observed at 16 stations, it covered vast areas of western Russia and some adjacent areas to the north (Fig. 1). Indeed, this exceptionally hot summer was spatially the second largest during the study period and in the northern half of the area examined it was the hottest (Table 4). During all three summer months, the average temperature was above the long-term average, but August was the hottest. In the central part of the area, this was the hottest August of the entire period. The temperature difference between the long-term average and the temperature of the particular season ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 °C in the far north, to 3.6–3.9 °C in the far south, to 4.5 °C at Tambov (t ? t av + 3?). Days with a temperature higher than 30 °C were recorded even in the north, where they were very rare in other years, while in the south there were 50 such days (two to three times more than the average). In the Irkutsk in Russia marriage agency south, there were also days with a maximum temperature greater than 35 °C. Throughout the area there were cases of hot nights, i.e., 24-h days with a minimum temperature higher than 20 °C, including for example six such days in Arhangel’sk (compared to 0.4 on average) and 17 in Voronez (normally 2.6).
Such unusual thermal anomalies into the west Russia were for the reason that a great quasi-fixed anticyclonic flow (Bardin 2007). Present research (Zveryaev ainsi que al. 2012) signifies that the summer months out of 1972 try characterised by confident phase of Northern Atlantic Oscillation.
4.2 EHS during the 1981–1990
This new outstanding summer associated with 12 months secured brand new main and you can east components of Eu Russia (Fig. 2). The fresh new EHS was observed at seven channels, including the easternmost Ivdel’ (in which it was the only including summer for the months) and you will Ekaterinburg. For the Kirov and you will Perm, this is the latest june of one’s several months. The common air temperature over the city is actually higher than new long-identity mediocre of the dos.5–step 3.3 °C. The warmth try higher than this new much time-name mediocre in most three summer season, but August is actually the sole exceptionally scorching few days and just from the 50 % of every stations (including the best of the whole months when you look at the Ivdel’, Ekaterinburg and you will Perm), while you are June and you may July did not meet up with the traditional. There clearly was a number of weeks that have a maximum temperature more than 30 °C, especially in new southern (20–twenty-five, an average of 9–11). Just regarding the southwest area of the area, there have been days having lowest temperature exceeding 20 °C (Dining table 5).
The summer regarding 1988 is excessively scorching and you may, as with 1981, sky temperatures defects protected main and you can east areas of Eu Russia, whilst the area affected was reduced related to simply five programs (Fig. 2). Inside about three north channels, it was the hottest, and in the case regarding Kotlas, plus the just EHS throughout the investigation months. The difference between the average long-identity additionally the EHS climate ranged from dos.step 3 to 3.1 °C across the urban area. July turned out such as for example hot (during the specific stations the greatest of the several months). Simply during the Ekaterinburg performed the fresh new heat avoid in short supply of meeting the latest standards in almost any of days. There had been more 10 months with a maximum heat significantly more than 31 °C after all new stations, plus in the new south, the quantity is nearly 20 (as compared to between around three and you can half a dozen on average). Just separated cases of months having the absolute minimum temperature significantly more than 20 °C had been registered about southern area of the affected area (Desk 5).